What Is Computer Science and What Career Opportunities Does It Offer?

Computer science is the study of computer hardware and software. When you enroll in a degree programme, you can choose from many specialised areas of study, from artificial intelligence and cryptography to computer engineering and software development.

Computer science graduates work in various settings, including computer software companies, game development, financial services, and government. They also work in research and for social media companies and manufacturers, to name a few. 

What is computer science: Industry overview

Technology is ever-changing, and for those working in computer science, it means keeping abreast of those developments. One of the most significant examples is artificial intelligence (AI). The purpose of AI is to mimic human intelligence, which is used in the automotive, retail, healthcare, and sports industries. 

The manufacturing industry develops and manufactures 3D printers for the medical community, dentistry, and architecture. Companies such as Nike and Ford Motor Company are among the top users of 3D technology.

Robotics uses AI and other technologies to complete tasks that might otherwise be too dangerous for humans to perform. The medical field and automobile manufacturing industry both use robots. In addition to the safety advantages, robotics can increase productivity.

Computer vision and natural language processing are the technologies that allow phones to recognise faces and chatbots to understand commands. Siri and Alexa are examples of voice recognition technology. Self-driving cars, the healthcare field, and law enforcement currently use computer vision. These are just a few examples of computer science and evolving technological changes.

Strong growth expected

According to the CompTIA State of Tech in the Workforce UK, the tech industry employs over two million people and contributes 5.5 percent of the UK’s total economy [1].

What do computer scientists earn?

The salary you can earn as a computer scientist depends on the industry. According to Glassdoor, the annual average base wage for a computer scientist is £43,091 as of February 2025 [2].

Common computer science jobs

You may want to enter one of the more common fields when exploring potential computer science careers. Among them are UX design, web development, and mobile app development. 

Computer hardware and software engineers are among the customary positions for computer scientists. You may also find yourself working in other fields, such as: 

• AI Engineering: Artificial intelligence engineers create computer systems that can do the tasks humans would otherwise do. 

• Information security analyst: This position requires you to ensure computer network security. 

• Computer science teacher: If you love to teach others about computer science, you can earn a teaching certification and work in secondary education. 

• IT project manager: A project manager leads a team of computer professionals in projects from conception to completion.

Different disciplines within computer science

As a computer science student, with most degree courses, you can choose modules that best meet your interests and career goals. Whether your goal is to work as a computer programmer or your interest is in software development, a degree in computer science will provide you with the foundation needed to enter the workforce.

Many universities offer internships so you can gain hands-on experience and begin building your CV. Some areas of computer science are:

• Software developer: As a software developer, your job will involve designing computer applications. Most positions require a bachelor’s degree.

• Computer programmer: Computer programmers write code for software programs and applications and test them for functionality.

• Network systems administrator: In this role, you’ll oversee the day-to-day operation of computer networks.

• Hardware engineer: If you like designing computer parts, you may want to pursue a career as a hardware engineer.

• Video game designer: If you enjoy working with a team of creative people, consider a career as a video game designer. Your role involves designing games for computers and other electronic devices.

What skills do I need to become a computer scientist?

A computer scientist should have a strong command of mathematical formulas and good analytical skills. Many positions require teamwork, so you’ll want to be comfortable working with others. You may work under tight deadlines, so time management skills are essential.

A position in computer science requires good programming skills and knowledge of software development and coding languages. Python, Java, and JavaScript are among the essential languages to know.

Building a career in computer science

A career in computer science usually requires a degree, so you’ll want to begin building your CV with a solid educational foundation. You’ll benefit from science, maths, and technology classes at A level or equivalent, but entry requirements vary according to each university. 

You can expect an undergraduate degree in computer science to take three years to complete. You’ll study a range of core modules, with the opportunity to choose modules and individual projects that relate to your area of specialism and to implement what you’ve learnt. 

What can I do with a degree in computer science?

A degree in computer science can lead to a career as a system programmer, software developer, web developer, web designer, network administrator, software tester, systems analyst, technician, and engineering manager, among other professions. You can also find work as a data scientist, or you may want to teach computer science at a higher education level.

Qualifications

Most positions require a computer science degree. You can increase your employment prospects by obtaining a postgraduate degree. Certification programmes are also available should you specialise in an area you didn’t cover in your degree programme. Completing a certification programme can increase your earning potential and help to build your resume. 

Certifications 

Certification programmes are available in many areas of computer science. You can find programmes for IT security, cloud computing, and as help desk technicians. 

You may want to take one of Microsoft’s certifications, beginning with their entry-level technology associate programme. Cisco and Oracle also offer certification programmes for computer science professionals.

Certificate programmes

If you are interested in Google or IBM computing, you can earn a computer science or IT certificate. You can complete some programmes in less than a year. 

Certificate programmes can help you specialise in an area you didn’t get to study when working on your degree and can enhance your CV. Certificate programmes can help you stay on top of your career by using the latest technology.

First steps in a career in computer science 

Computer Science covers a broad range of specialisations. Depending on your route, you’ll find a range of careers to choose from. If you’re considering a career in computer science, explore courses and degree options on Coursera. 

If you're new to computer science, consider taking the University of London's Introduction to Computer Science and Programming Specialisation, which covers basic computing fundamentals and mathematical foundations. If you're ready to pursue a degree, explore your options for earning a bachelor's or master's degree in computer science online, such as the BSc Computer Science, delivered by the University of London.